Abstract
Hippocampal activity supports memory and many other brain functions. Transcranial magnetic30 stimulation (TMS) guided by hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) shows promise in31 improving memory, but direct neural evidence of its capacity to engage and modulate hippocampal32 activity is lacking. Here we combined TMS with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in 833 neurosurgical patients and with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 7934 neurologically healthy participants. We identified that (1) single-pulse TMS to individualized35 parietal cortex guided by hippocampal-FC preferentially evoked distinct temporal and spectral36 activity patterns in the hippocampus, (2) variability in TMS-evoked hippocampal responses related37 to individual differences in parietal-hippocampus FC strength, and (3) repetitive TMS to38 hippocampal-FC-guided parietal cortex selectively suppressed hippocampal theta oscillations.39 These findings provide multimodal causal neural evidence and important mechanistic insights40 supporting the development of personalized neuromodulation strategies aimed at improving41 hippocampus-dependent functions.42 43 Keywords44 Hippocampus, Parietal Cortex, Concurrent TMS-iEEG, Concurrent TMS-fMRI, Personalized45 Neuromodulation, Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
Authors
Li, Z., Trapp, N.T., Bruss, J., Liu, X., Wu, K., Chen, Z., Etkin, A., Howard,, M.A., Boes, Jiang, A. &., & J.
10.1101/2025.06.08.658503