In her talk Dr. Caroline Tscherpel will outline the concepts and fundamental mechanisms of motor system reorganization after stroke and common approaches of neuromodulation to enhance functional recovery after stroke. By illustrating the boundaries of our recent strategies, she will raise the need for new innovative methodologies to inform about post-stroke reorganization at an individual level and will glimpse towards promising approaches such as the combination of TMS-EEG or ultra-high resolution MR imaging.