The frontal lobes are hubs for executive functions (EFs) that initiate, organize, and guide our behavior in daily life. Human neuroimaging has revealed a number of lifespan and individual factors in frontoparietal network organization that relates to reserve and declines in EFs. Among these factors are person-level spatiotemporal patterns in frontoparietal networks. Specifically, two well-established lines of evidence from MRI and EEG research can support novel personalized neuromodulation. In this talk, I will review recent evidence indicating that personalized TMS is feasible for frontoparietal networks, and that phase-triggered TMS-EEG is feasible for frontomedial theta. In particular, I will focus on recent debates about the nature of frontoparietal and frontomedial control signals. I will present a new case series of frontomedial EEG theta-triggered brief train TMS indicating that it is feasible to manipulate this signal within subjects to improve working memory at the trial level, discussing implications for isolating specific mechanisms such as attention.